![]() ![]() The Better Practices Model, developed by the Canadian Tobacco Control Research Initiative, provides a structure for integrating variable, but complementary, sources of information which can lead to enhanced understanding of chronic diseases. Using a better practices approach to knowledge synthesis, this study illustrates the value of using two complementary approaches (systematic review of literature and expert opinion) in an area of high importance but with varying degrees of empirical studies across subpopulations. Are they influenced to the same extent as the general population? Do they need additional measures and initiatives to reduce smoking? However, much less is known about the impact of taxation on specific subgroups. Increased taxes also have a positive impact on non-smokers by reducing their exposure to second-hand smoke. Tobacco taxes can benefit smokers who quit, reduce the overall consumption of tobacco, and put smoking cessation on the radar of those who continue to smoke. ![]() On average, a price increase of 10% on a pack of cigarettes would reduce demand for cigarettes by about 4% for the general adult population in high income countries. Tobacco taxation, passed on to consumers in the form of higher cigarette prices, has been recognized as one of the most effective population-based strategies for decreasing smoking and its adverse health consequences. Even for those who benefit from these measures, they do not gain equally and major disparities exist. Responses to tobacco control interventions and pathways to change in smoking behavior can vary substantially among subgroups of smokers. However, smoking rates remain high for some subpopulations. ![]() Significant gains have been made in reducing the prevalence of smoking for the general population in North America and other high-income countries. If it were totally up to me, I would raise the cigarette tax so high the revenues from it would go to zero. Although specific studies are needed, tobacco taxation is a key policy measure for driving success. These findings will be of value to policy-makers and researchers in their efforts to improve the effectiveness of tobacco control measures, especially with subpopulations at most risk. Given their high prevalence of smoking, urgent attention is needed to develop effective policies for the six subpopulations reviewed. However, there is a striking lack of evidence about the impact of increasing cigarette prices on smoking behavior in heavy/long-term smokers, persons with a dual diagnosis and Aboriginals. Most studies found that raising cigarette prices through increased taxes is a highly effective measure for reducing smoking among youth, young adults, and persons of low socioeconomic status. Experts were involved in developing the study plan, discussing findings, developing policy recommendations, and identifying priorities for future research. Using a better practices approach, a knowledge synthesis was conducted using a systematic review of the literature and an expert advisory panel. Are they influenced to the same extent as the general population? Do they need additional measures to influence smoking behavior? The objectives of this study were to synthesize the evidence regarding differential effects of taxation and price on smoking in: youth, young adults, persons of low socio-economic status, with dual diagnoses, heavy/long-term smokers, and Aboriginal people. However, to fully realize the benefits it is vital to understand the impact of increased taxes among high-risk subpopulations. Tobacco taxation is an essential component of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy.
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